2. Theoretical Perspective of Employee Training and Development

Definition:

Employee Training and Development in HRM is defined as a system used by an organization to improve the skills and performance of the employees. It is an educational tool which consists of information and instructions to make existing skills sharp and introduce new concepts and knowledge to improve the employee performance. An effective training & development initiative based on training needs analysis helps the company to enhance the skills of working manpower and improve productivity.

An Overview:


A program of upgrading of employee’s skills, knowledge and competencies is known as training. The job related training is often provided to the employee to ensure they can well perform on the assigned tasks and contribute to the success of the organization. The development program on the other hand is often preparation to perform the future job. Human Resource Training Development provides a learning opportunity to the employee to increase their work capacities and get ready for the future challenges.

Training and development in HRM are two different activities which goes hand-in-hand for the overall betterment of the employee. The short term and reactive process is training which is used for operational purpose while the long term process of development is for executive purpose. The aim of training & development is improvement of required skills in the employee whereas aim of development is to improve overall personality of the employee. Management takes the initiative to choose right training methods to fill up the skill gap in the organization; the development initiative is generally taken with the objective of future succession planning.

Training and Development Definition by Various Authors


Armstrong

“Training is the formal and systematic modification of behavior through learning which occurs as a result of education, instruction, development and planned experience. Development is improving individual performance in their present Roles and preparing them for greater responsibilities in the future”.

Katz & Kahn

“Training and development is described as a maintenance subsystem, intended to improve organizational efficiency by increasing routinization and predictability of behavior”.

Kllatt, Murdick & Schuster

“Training is a systematic way of altering behavior to prepare an employee for a job or to improve the employee’s performance on the present job, and development is preparing an employee for improving the conceptual, decision-making, and interpersonal skills in complex, in structured situation”

Lussier

“Training is a process of acquiring the skills necessary to perform a job and development is the ability to perform both present and future jobs”.

Types of Training and Development

Find below a few important types of training in HRM: 
  • Technical training is a form of instruction that teaches new employees about the technology components of their jobs.
  • Quality training is the process of familiarizing personnel with the methods for preventing, identifying, and removing non-quality goods in a manufacturing environment.
  • Skill Training is the next type of training, which involves developing the ability to execute the job.
  • Soft skills training is another form of training required to improve the employee’s soft skills which are personality traits, social graces, communication skills, and personal routines that are used to define interpersonal interactions.
  • Professional training is the sort of professional education necessary to stay current in one's line of work.
Training Process

Different authors have put forward the systematic process for training and development of employees. The number of steps varies but the basic approach remains the same i.e. to manage training in a better way to have the best results out of the investments made. Training is a continuous process. Whatever the scheme may be presented by various scholars and trainers the following steps are inevitable for any well designed and precisely implemented Training and Development plan:


 

Training and Development Differences




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